Dependability of cyber-physical computer systems with embedded microprocessors.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34121/1028-9763-2026-3-112-125Keywords:
dependability, cyber-physical systems, embedded microprocessors, Internet of Things, functional safety, fault tolerance, digital twin, failure prediction, self-healing systems, redundancy, formal verificationAbstract
The paper presents a systematic analysis of the current state of the theory and practice of ensuring the dependability of cyber-physical computer systems with embedded microprocessors. The evolution of the concept of dependability from the classical Avizienis-Laprie-Randell taxonomy to contemporary approaches is examined. The major challenges arising from the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, cloud and edge computing, distributed services, and digital twins are analyzed. It is shown that traditional reliability assessment methods do not fully address the dynamic nature of modern cyber-physical systems, the interdependencies among software components, the resource constraints of IoT devices, or emerging cybersecurity threats. Contemporary architectural approaches to improving dependability are summarized, including Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), integrated safety and security analysis, digital twin technologies, fault injection techniques, predictive maintenance, and dependability design patterns. Modern tools for formal verification, modeling, risk analysis, and fault-tolerance testing are also reviewed. Software and hardware mechanisms for ensuring dependability are systematized, including redundancy, active replication, N-version programming, checkpointing, recovery blocks, health monitoring mechanisms, and reconfigurable architectures. The necessity of transitioning from static assessment models to adaptive run-time dependability assurance methods based on machine learning, operational telemetry analysis, and automated failure prediction is substantiated. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 13 titles.
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